Research

Parenting under pressure: A scoping review of parental self-efficacy in the context of cumulative adversity

Date summarised: November 25, 2025
Last updated: November 25, 2025
Life Course Centre

Our summary

Parenting in the context of vulnerability is the focus of this scoping review, which synthesises evidence on the challenges faced by families experiencing disadvantage, trauma, violence, poverty or social isolation. The authors examine how intersecting stressors—such as mental health issues, financial hardship, disability, unstable housing and limited social support—shape the everyday realities of caregiving.

The review highlights key themes across the literature: the emotional toll of chronic stress, the impact of unsafe environments, the importance of supportive relationships and the ways systemic barriers can intensify parenting pressures. Despite these challenges, many families demonstrate significant resilience, drawing on cultural identity, community networks and personal strengths.

Effective supports identified in the review include trauma‑informed care, accessible family services, strengths‑based parenting programs, culturally tailored approaches and integrated service models that reduce fragmentation. The resource also stresses the need for policy settings that promote stability, reduce poverty and enhance access to early intervention.

For community work professionals, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the factors that shape parenting under pressure and the evidence‑based strategies that can strengthen family safety and wellbeing.

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